The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.
Identifieur interne : 000267 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000266; suivant : 000268The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.
Auteurs : Massimo Sartelli [Italie] ; Francesco M. Labricciosa [Italie] ; Pamela Barbadoro [Italie] ; Leonardo Pagani [Italie] ; Luca Ansaloni [Italie] ; Adrian J. Brink [Afrique du Sud] ; Jean Carlet [Italie] ; Ashish Khanna [États-Unis] ; Alain Chichom-Mefire [Cameroun] ; Federico Coccolini [Italie] ; Salomone Di Saverio [Italie] ; Addison K. May ; Pierluigi Viale [Italie] ; Richard R. Watkins [États-Unis] ; Luigia Scudeller [Italie] ; Lilian M. Abbo [États-Unis] ; Fikri M. Abu-Zidan [Émirats arabes unis] ; Abdulrashid K. Adesunkanmi [Nigeria] ; Sara Al-Dahir [États-Unis] ; Majdi N. Al-Hasan [États-Unis] ; Halil Alis [Turquie] ; Carlos Alves [Portugal] ; André R. Araujo Da Silva [Brésil] ; Goran Augustin [Croatie] ; Miklosh Bala [Israël] ; Philip S. Barie [États-Unis] ; Marcelo A. Beltrán [Chili] ; Aneel Bhangu [Royaume-Uni] ; Belefquih Bouchra [Maroc] ; Stephen M. Brecher [États-Unis] ; Miguel A. Caínzos [Espagne] ; Adrian Camacho-Ortiz [Mexique] ; Marco Catani [Italie] ; Sujith J. Chandy ; Asri Che Jusoh ; Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec [États-Unis] ; Osvaldo Chiara [Italie] ; Elif Colak [Turquie] ; Oliver A. Cornely [Allemagne] ; Yunfeng Cui [République populaire de Chine] ; Zaza Demetrashvili [Géorgie (pays)] ; Belinda De Simone [France] ; Jan J. De Waele [Belgique] ; Sameer Dhingra [Trinité-et-Tobago] ; Francesco Di Marzo [Italie] ; Agron Dogjani [Albanie] ; Gereltuya Dorj [Mongolie] ; Laurent Dortet [France] ; Therese M. Duane ; Mutasim M. Elmangory [Soudan] ; Mushira A. Enani [Arabie saoudite] ; Paula Ferrada [États-Unis] ; J. Esteban Foianini ; Mahir Gachabayov [Russie] ; Chinmay Gandhi ; Wagih Mommtaz Ghnnam [Égypte] ; Helen Giamarellou [Grèce] ; Georgios Gkiokas [Grèce] ; Harumi Gomi ; Tatjana Goranovic [Croatie] ; Ewen A. Griffiths [Royaume-Uni] ; Rosio I. Guerra Gronerth [Pérou] ; Julio C. Haidamus Monteiro [Brésil] ; Timothy C. Hardcastle [Afrique du Sud] ; Andreas Hecker [Allemagne] ; Adrien M. Hodonou [Bénin] ; Orestis Ioannidis [Grèce] ; Arda Isik [Turquie] ; Katia A. Iskandar [Liban] ; Hossein S. Kafil [Iran] ; Souha S. Kanj [Liban] ; Lewis J. Kaplan [États-Unis] ; Garima Kapoor [Inde] ; Aleksandar R. Karamarkovic [Serbie] ; Jakub Kenig [Pologne] ; Ivan Kerschaever [Belgique] ; Faryal Khamis [Oman] ; Vladimir Khokha [Biélorussie] ; Ronald Kiguba [Ouganda] ; Hong B. Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Wen-Chien Ko [Taïwan] ; Kaoru Koike [Japon] ; Iryna Kozlovska [Ukraine] ; Anand Kumar [Canada] ; Leonel Lagunes [Mexique] ; Rifat Latifi [États-Unis] ; Jae G. Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Young R. Lee [États-Unis] ; Ari Lepp Niemi [Finlande] ; Yousheng Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Stephen Y. Liang [États-Unis] ; Warren Lowman [Afrique du Sud] ; Gustavo M. Machain [Paraguay] ; Marc Maegele [Allemagne] ; Piotr Major [Pologne] ; Sydney Malama [Zambie] ; Ramiro Manzano-Nunez [Colombie] ; Athanasios Marinis [Grèce] ; Isidro Martinez Casas [Espagne] ; Sanjay Marwah [Inde] ; Emilio Maseda [Espagne] ; Michael E. Mcfarlane [Jamaïque] ; Ziad Memish [Arabie saoudite] ; Dominik Mertz [Canada] ; Cristian Mesina [Roumanie] ; Shyam K. Mishra [Népal] ; Ernest E. Moore [États-Unis] ; Akutu Munyika [Namibie] ; Eleftherios Mylonakis [États-Unis] ; Lena Napolitano [États-Unis] ; Ionut Negoi [Roumanie] ; Milica D. Nestorovic [Serbie] ; David P. Nicolau [États-Unis] ; Abdelkarim H. Omari [Jordanie] ; Carlos A. Ordonez [Colombie] ; José-Artur Paiva [Portugal] ; Narayan D. Pant [Népal] ; Jose G. Parreira [Brésil] ; Michal P Dziwiatr [Pologne] ; Bruno M. Pereira [Brésil] ; Alfredo Ponce-De-Leon [Mexique] ; Garyphallia Poulakou [Grèce] ; Jacobus Preller [Royaume-Uni] ; Céline Pulcini [France] ; Guntars Pupelis [Lettonie] ; Martha Quiodettis [Panama] ; Timothy M. Rawson [Royaume-Uni] ; Tarcisio Reis [Brésil] ; Miran Rems [Slovénie] ; Sandro Rizoli [Canada] ; Jason Roberts ; Nuno Rocha Pereira [Portugal] ; Jesús Rodríguez-Ba O [Espagne] ; Boris Sakakushev [Bulgarie] ; James Sanders [États-Unis] ; Natalia Santos [Portugal] ; Norio Sato [Japon] ; Robert G. Sawyer [États-Unis] ; Sandro Scarpelini [Brésil] ; Loredana Scoccia [Italie] ; Nusrat Shafiq [Inde] ; Vishalkumar Shelat [Singapour] ; Costi D. Sifri [États-Unis] ; Boonying Siribumrungwong [Thaïlande] ; Kjetil S Reide [Norvège] ; Rodolfo Soto [Colombie] ; Hamilton P. De Souza [Brésil] ; Peep Talving [Estonie] ; Ngo Tat Trung [Viêt Nam] ; Jeffrey M. Tessier ; Mario Tumbarello [Italie] ; Jan Ulrych [République tchèque] ; Selman Uranues [Autriche] ; Harry Van Goor [Pays-Bas] ; Andras Vereczkei [Hongrie] ; Florian Wagenlehner [Allemagne] ; Yonghong Xiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Kuo-Ching Yuan [Taïwan] ; Agnes Wechsler-Fördös [Autriche] ; Jean-Ralph Zahar [France] ; Tanya L. Zakrison [États-Unis] ; Brian Zuckerbraun [États-Unis] ; Wietse P. Zuidema [Pays-Bas] ; Fausto Catena [Italie]Source :
- World journal of emergency surgery : WJES [ 1749-7922 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world.
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-017-0145-2
PubMed: 28775763
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Albanie, Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Autriche, Belgique, Biélorussie, Brésil, Bulgarie, Bénin, Cameroun, Canada, Chili, Colombie, Corée du Sud, Croatie, Espagne, Estonie, Finlande, France, Grèce, Géorgie (pays), Hongrie, Inde, Iran, Israël, Italie, Jamaïque, Japon, Jordanie, Lettonie, Liban, Maroc, Mexique, Mongolie, Namibie, Nigeria, Norvège, Népal, Oman, Ouganda, Panama, Paraguay, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, Pérou, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, République tchèque, Serbie, Singapour, Slovénie, Soudan, Taïwan, Thaïlande, Trinité-et-Tobago, Turquie, Ukraine, Viêt Nam, Zambie, Égypte, Émirats arabes unis, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Arizona, Attique (région), Bohême centrale, Caroline du Sud, Colorado, Communauté de Madrid, Connecticut, Floride, Gauteng, Grand Est, Grand Londres, Gueldre, Hollande-Septentrionale, Latium, Lorraine (région), Louisiane, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Midlands de l'Ouest, Missouri (État), Ohio, Ontario, Pays de la Loire, Pennsylvanie, Rhode Island, Rio Grande do Sul, Région capitale de Séoul, Texas, Vienne (Autriche), Virginie, Zhejiang, État de New York, État de Rio de Janeiro, État de São Paulo
- Amsterdam, Angers, Athènes, Birmingham, Hamilton (Ontario), Hangzhou, Johannesbourg, Londres, Madrid, Nancy, Nimègue, Porto Alegre, Prague, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, São Paulo, Séoul, Tianjin, Toronto, Vienne (Autriche), Winnipeg
- Université McMaster, Université de São Paulo, Université de Toronto, Université de Zhejiang, Université du Manitoba, Université du Witwatersrand
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Labricciosa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbadoro, Pamela" sort="Barbadoro, Pamela" uniqKey="Barbadoro P" first="Pamela" last="Barbadoro">Pamela Barbadoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Leonardo" sort="Pagani, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Leonardo" last="Pagani">Leonardo Pagani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bolzano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brink, Adrian J" sort="Brink, Adrian J" uniqKey="Brink A" first="Adrian J" last="Brink">Adrian J. 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May</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Tennessee USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Richard R" sort="Watkins, Richard R" uniqKey="Watkins R" first="Richard R" last="Watkins">Richard R. Watkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scudeller, Luigia" sort="Scudeller, Luigia" uniqKey="Scudeller L" first="Luigia" last="Scudeller">Luigia Scudeller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abbo, Lilian M" sort="Abbo, Lilian M" uniqKey="Abbo L" first="Lilian M" last="Abbo">Lilian M. Abbo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" sort="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" uniqKey="Abu Zidan F" first="Fikri M" last="Abu-Zidan">Fikri M. Abu-Zidan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al-Ain</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" sort="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" uniqKey="Adesunkanmi A" first="Abdulrashid K" last="Adesunkanmi">Abdulrashid K. Adesunkanmi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ile-Ife</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Dahir, Sara" sort="Al Dahir, Sara" uniqKey="Al Dahir S" first="Sara" last="Al-Dahir">Sara Al-Dahir</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hasan, Majdi N" sort="Al Hasan, Majdi N" uniqKey="Al Hasan M" first="Majdi N" last="Al-Hasan">Majdi N. Al-Hasan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alis, Halil" sort="Alis, Halil" uniqKey="Alis H" first="Halil" last="Alis">Halil Alis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, Carlos" sort="Alves, Carlos" uniqKey="Alves C" first="Carlos" last="Alves">Carlos Alves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo Da Silva, Andre R" sort="Araujo Da Silva, Andre R" uniqKey="Araujo Da Silva A" first="André R" last="Araujo Da Silva">André R. Araujo Da Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Goran" sort="Augustin, Goran" uniqKey="Augustin G" first="Goran" last="Augustin">Goran Augustin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bala, Miklosh" sort="Bala, Miklosh" uniqKey="Bala M" first="Miklosh" last="Bala">Miklosh Bala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jerusalem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barie, Philip S" sort="Barie, Philip S" uniqKey="Barie P" first="Philip S" last="Barie">Philip S. Barie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beltran, Marcelo A" sort="Beltran, Marcelo A" uniqKey="Beltran M" first="Marcelo A" last="Beltrán">Marcelo A. Beltrán</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Serena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhangu, Aneel" sort="Bhangu, Aneel" uniqKey="Bhangu A" first="Aneel" last="Bhangu">Aneel Bhangu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchra, Belefquih" sort="Bouchra, Belefquih" uniqKey="Bouchra B" first="Belefquih" last="Bouchra">Belefquih Bouchra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Casablanca</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M" last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A" last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago de Compostela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrian" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrian Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catani, Marco" sort="Catani, Marco" uniqKey="Catani M" first="Marco" last="Catani">Marco Catani</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandy, Sujith J" sort="Chandy, Sujith J" uniqKey="Chandy S" first="Sujith J" last="Chandy">Sujith J. Chandy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kerala India</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jusoh, Asri Che" sort="Jusoh, Asri Che" uniqKey="Jusoh A" first="Asri Che" last="Jusoh">Asri Che Jusoh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R" last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiara, Osvaldo" sort="Chiara, Osvaldo" uniqKey="Chiara O" first="Osvaldo" last="Chiara">Osvaldo Chiara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Niguarda Hospital, Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colak, Elif" sort="Colak, Elif" uniqKey="Colak E" first="Elif" last="Colak">Elif Colak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Samsun</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornely, Oliver A" sort="Cornely, Oliver A" uniqKey="Cornely O" first="Oliver A" last="Cornely">Oliver A. Cornely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Simone, Belinda" sort="De Simone, Belinda" uniqKey="De Simone B" first="Belinda" last="De Simone">Belinda De Simone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cannes</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cannes</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waele, Jan J" sort="De Waele, Jan J" uniqKey="De Waele J" first="Jan J" last="De Waele">Jan J. De Waele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhingra, Sameer" sort="Dhingra, Sameer" uniqKey="Dhingra S" first="Sameer" last="Dhingra">Sameer Dhingra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Trinité-et-Tobago</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Augustine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marzo, Francesco" sort="Di Marzo, Francesco" uniqKey="Di Marzo F" first="Francesco" last="Di Marzo">Francesco Di Marzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lido di Camaiore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dogjani, Agron" sort="Dogjani, Agron" uniqKey="Dogjani A" first="Agron" last="Dogjani">Agron Dogjani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tirana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorj, Gereltuya" sort="Dorj, Gereltuya" uniqKey="Dorj G" first="Gereltuya" last="Dorj">Gereltuya Dorj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dortet, Laurent" sort="Dortet, Laurent" uniqKey="Dortet L" first="Laurent" last="Dortet">Laurent Dortet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duane, Therese M" sort="Duane, Therese M" uniqKey="Duane T" first="Therese M" last="Duane">Therese M. Duane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Texas USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elmangory, Mutasim M" sort="Elmangory, Mutasim M" uniqKey="Elmangory M" first="Mutasim M" last="Elmangory">Mutasim M. Elmangory</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Soudan</country><wicri:regionArea>Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Khartoum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira A" sort="Enani, Mushira A" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira A" last="Enani">Mushira A. Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteban Foianini, J" sort="Esteban Foianini, J" uniqKey="Esteban Foianini J" first="J" last="Esteban Foianini">J. Esteban Foianini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Clinica Foianini, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gachabayov, Mahir" sort="Gachabayov, Mahir" uniqKey="Gachabayov M" first="Mahir" last="Gachabayov">Mahir Gachabayov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vladimir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Chinmay" sort="Gandhi, Chinmay" uniqKey="Gandhi C" first="Chinmay" last="Gandhi">Chinmay Gandhi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra India.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Maharashtra India</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih Mommtaz" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih Mommtaz" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih Mommtaz" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Mommtaz Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giamarellou, Helen" sort="Giamarellou, Helen" uniqKey="Giamarellou H" first="Helen" last="Giamarellou">Helen Giamarellou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gkiokas, Georgios" sort="Gkiokas, Georgios" uniqKey="Gkiokas G" first="Georgios" last="Gkiokas">Georgios Gkiokas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomi, Harumi" sort="Gomi, Harumi" uniqKey="Gomi H" first="Harumi" last="Gomi">Harumi Gomi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ibaraki Japan</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goranovic, Tatjana" sort="Goranovic, Tatjana" uniqKey="Goranovic T" first="Tatjana" last="Goranovic">Tatjana Goranovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Ewen A" sort="Griffiths, Ewen A" uniqKey="Griffiths E" first="Ewen A" last="Griffiths">Ewen A. Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerra Gronerth, Rosio I" sort="Guerra Gronerth, Rosio I" uniqKey="Guerra Gronerth R" first="Rosio I" last="Guerra Gronerth">Rosio I. Guerra Gronerth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haidamus Monteiro, Julio C" sort="Haidamus Monteiro, Julio C" uniqKey="Haidamus Monteiro J" first="Julio C" last="Haidamus Monteiro">Julio C. Haidamus Monteiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campo Grande</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardcastle, Timothy C" sort="Hardcastle, Timothy C" uniqKey="Hardcastle T" first="Timothy C" last="Hardcastle">Timothy C. Hardcastle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Durban</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hecker, Andreas" sort="Hecker, Andreas" uniqKey="Hecker A" first="Andreas" last="Hecker">Andreas Hecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodonou, Adrien M" sort="Hodonou, Adrien M" uniqKey="Hodonou A" first="Adrien M" last="Hodonou">Adrien M. Hodonou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BP 123 Parakou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannidis, Orestis" sort="Ioannidis, Orestis" uniqKey="Ioannidis O" first="Orestis" last="Ioannidis">Orestis Ioannidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iskandar, Katia A" sort="Iskandar, Katia A" uniqKey="Iskandar K" first="Katia A" last="Iskandar">Katia A. Iskandar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kafil, Hossein S" sort="Kafil, Hossein S" uniqKey="Kafil H" first="Hossein S" last="Kafil">Hossein S. Kafil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tabriz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanj, Souha S" sort="Kanj, Souha S" uniqKey="Kanj S" first="Souha S" last="Kanj">Souha S. Kanj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Lewis J" sort="Kaplan, Lewis J" uniqKey="Kaplan L" first="Lewis J" last="Kaplan">Lewis J. Kaplan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, Garima" sort="Kapoor, Garima" uniqKey="Kapoor G" first="Garima" last="Kapoor">Garima Kapoor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhopal</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar R" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar R" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar R" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar R. Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kenig, Jakub" sort="Kenig, Jakub" uniqKey="Kenig J" first="Jakub" last="Kenig">Jakub Kenig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kerschaever, Ivan" sort="Kerschaever, Ivan" uniqKey="Kerschaever I" first="Ivan" last="Kerschaever">Ivan Kerschaever</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tienen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khamis, Faryal" sort="Khamis, Faryal" uniqKey="Khamis F" first="Faryal" last="Khamis">Faryal Khamis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Muscat</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khokha, Vladimir" sort="Khokha, Vladimir" uniqKey="Khokha V" first="Vladimir" last="Khokha">Vladimir Khokha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mozyr</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiguba, Ronald" sort="Kiguba, Ronald" uniqKey="Kiguba R" first="Ronald" last="Kiguba">Ronald Kiguba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Hong B" sort="Kim, Hong B" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hong B" last="Kim">Hong B. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen-Chien" last="Ko">Wen-Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koike, Kaoru" sort="Koike, Kaoru" uniqKey="Koike K" first="Kaoru" last="Koike">Kaoru Koike</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kyoto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozlovska, Iryna" sort="Kozlovska, Iryna" uniqKey="Kozlovska I" first="Iryna" last="Kozlovska">Iryna Kozlovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chernivtci City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Anand" sort="Kumar, Anand" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Anand" last="Kumar">Anand Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagunes, Leonel" sort="Lagunes, Leonel" uniqKey="Lagunes L" first="Leonel" last="Lagunes">Leonel Lagunes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Luis Potosi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latifi, Rifat" sort="Latifi, Rifat" uniqKey="Latifi R" first="Rifat" last="Latifi">Rifat Latifi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae G" sort="Lee, Jae G" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae G" last="Lee">Jae G. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Young R" sort="Lee, Young R" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young R" last="Lee">Young R. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepp Niemi, Ari" sort="Lepp Niemi, Ari" uniqKey="Lepp Niemi A" first="Ari" last="Lepp Niemi">Ari Lepp Niemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yousheng" sort="Li, Yousheng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yousheng" last="Li">Yousheng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Stephen Y" sort="Liang, Stephen Y" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Stephen Y" last="Liang">Stephen Y. Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lowman, Warren" sort="Lowman, Warren" uniqKey="Lowman W" first="Warren" last="Lowman">Warren Lowman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machain, Gustavo M" sort="Machain, Gustavo M" uniqKey="Machain G" first="Gustavo M" last="Machain">Gustavo M. Machain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Asuncion</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maegele, Marc" sort="Maegele, Marc" uniqKey="Maegele M" first="Marc" last="Maegele">Marc Maegele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Major, Piotr" sort="Major, Piotr" uniqKey="Major P" first="Piotr" last="Major">Piotr Major</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malama, Sydney" sort="Malama, Sydney" uniqKey="Malama S" first="Sydney" last="Malama">Sydney Malama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Zambie</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lusaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manzano Nunez, Ramiro" sort="Manzano Nunez, Ramiro" uniqKey="Manzano Nunez R" first="Ramiro" last="Manzano-Nunez">Ramiro Manzano-Nunez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marinis, Athanasios" sort="Marinis, Athanasios" uniqKey="Marinis A" first="Athanasios" last="Marinis">Athanasios Marinis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Piraeus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Casas, Isidro" sort="Martinez Casas, Isidro" uniqKey="Martinez Casas I" first="Isidro" last="Martinez Casas">Isidro Martinez Casas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jaén</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maseda, Emilio" sort="Maseda, Emilio" uniqKey="Maseda E" first="Emilio" last="Maseda">Emilio Maseda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarlane, Michael E" sort="Mcfarlane, Michael E" uniqKey="Mcfarlane M" first="Michael E" last="Mcfarlane">Michael E. Mcfarlane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jamaïque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kingston</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad" sort="Memish, Ziad" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad" last="Memish">Ziad Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mertz, Dominik" sort="Mertz, Dominik" uniqKey="Mertz D" first="Dominik" last="Mertz">Dominik Mertz</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mesina, Cristian" sort="Mesina, Cristian" uniqKey="Mesina C" first="Cristian" last="Mesina">Cristian Mesina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Craiova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, Shyam K" sort="Mishra, Shyam K" uniqKey="Mishra S" first="Shyam K" last="Mishra">Shyam K. Mishra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E" last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munyika, Akutu" sort="Munyika, Akutu" uniqKey="Munyika A" first="Akutu" last="Munyika">Akutu Munyika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Namibie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ondangwa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" sort="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" uniqKey="Mylonakis E" first="Eleftherios" last="Mylonakis">Eleftherios Mylonakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Napolitano, Lena" sort="Napolitano, Lena" uniqKey="Napolitano L" first="Lena" last="Napolitano">Lena Napolitano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nestorovic, Milica D" sort="Nestorovic, Milica D" uniqKey="Nestorovic M" first="Milica D" last="Nestorovic">Milica D. Nestorovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nis</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolau, David P" sort="Nicolau, David P" uniqKey="Nicolau D" first="David P" last="Nicolau">David P. Nicolau</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omari, Abdelkarim H" sort="Omari, Abdelkarim H" uniqKey="Omari A" first="Abdelkarim H" last="Omari">Abdelkarim H. Omari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Irbid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordonez, Carlos A" sort="Ordonez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordonez C" first="Carlos A" last="Ordonez">Carlos A. Ordonez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paiva, Jose Artur" sort="Paiva, Jose Artur" uniqKey="Paiva J" first="José-Artur" last="Paiva">José-Artur Paiva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pant, Narayan D" sort="Pant, Narayan D" uniqKey="Pant N" first="Narayan D" last="Pant">Narayan D. Pant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parreira, Jose G" sort="Parreira, Jose G" uniqKey="Parreira J" first="Jose G" last="Parreira">Jose G. Parreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Dziwiatr, Michal" sort="P Dziwiatr, Michal" uniqKey="P Dziwiatr M" first="Michal" last="P Dziwiatr">Michal P Dziwiatr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Bruno M" sort="Pereira, Bruno M" uniqKey="Pereira B" first="Bruno M" last="Pereira">Bruno M. Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ponce De Leon, Alfredo" sort="Ponce De Leon, Alfredo" uniqKey="Ponce De Leon A" first="Alfredo" last="Ponce-De-Leon">Alfredo Ponce-De-Leon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poulakou, Garyphallia" sort="Poulakou, Garyphallia" uniqKey="Poulakou G" first="Garyphallia" last="Poulakou">Garyphallia Poulakou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preller, Jacobus" sort="Preller, Jacobus" uniqKey="Preller J" first="Jacobus" last="Preller">Jacobus Preller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pulcini, Celine" sort="Pulcini, Celine" uniqKey="Pulcini C" first="Céline" last="Pulcini">Céline Pulcini</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region><region type="old region">Lorraine (région)</region><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pupelis, Guntars" sort="Pupelis, Guntars" uniqKey="Pupelis G" first="Guntars" last="Pupelis">Guntars Pupelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quiodettis, Martha" sort="Quiodettis, Martha" uniqKey="Quiodettis M" first="Martha" last="Quiodettis">Martha Quiodettis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Panama</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Panama</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawson, Timothy M" sort="Rawson, Timothy M" uniqKey="Rawson T" first="Timothy M" last="Rawson">Timothy M. Rawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reis, Tarcisio" sort="Reis, Tarcisio" uniqKey="Reis T" first="Tarcisio" last="Reis">Tarcisio Reis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Recife</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizoli, Sandro" sort="Rizoli, Sandro" uniqKey="Rizoli S" first="Sandro" last="Rizoli">Sandro Rizoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jason" sort="Roberts, Jason" uniqKey="Roberts J" first="Jason" last="Roberts">Jason Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Queensland Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Nuno Rocha" sort="Pereira, Nuno Rocha" uniqKey="Pereira N" first="Nuno Rocha" last="Pereira">Nuno Rocha Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Ba O, Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Ba O, Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Ba O J" first="Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Ba O">Jesús Rodríguez-Ba O</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris" sort="Sakakushev, Boris" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris" last="Sakakushev">Boris Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, James" sort="Sanders, James" uniqKey="Sanders J" first="James" last="Sanders">James Sanders</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>JPS Health Network, Texas, TX USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>JPS Health Network, Texas</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santos, Natalia" sort="Santos, Natalia" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Natalia" last="Santos">Natalia Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tondela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Norio" sort="Sato, Norio" uniqKey="Sato N" first="Norio" last="Sato">Norio Sato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ehime</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Robert G" sort="Sawyer, Robert G" uniqKey="Sawyer R" first="Robert G" last="Sawyer">Robert G. Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scarpelini, Sandro" sort="Scarpelini, Sandro" uniqKey="Scarpelini S" first="Sandro" last="Scarpelini">Sandro Scarpelini</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scoccia, Loredana" sort="Scoccia, Loredana" uniqKey="Scoccia L" first="Loredana" last="Scoccia">Loredana Scoccia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafiq, Nusrat" sort="Shafiq, Nusrat" uniqKey="Shafiq N" first="Nusrat" last="Shafiq">Nusrat Shafiq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shelat, Vishalkumar" sort="Shelat, Vishalkumar" uniqKey="Shelat V" first="Vishalkumar" last="Shelat">Vishalkumar Shelat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tan Tock Seng</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sifri, Costi D" sort="Sifri, Costi D" uniqKey="Sifri C" first="Costi D" last="Sifri">Costi D. Sifri</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siribumrungwong, Boonying" sort="Siribumrungwong, Boonying" uniqKey="Siribumrungwong B" first="Boonying" last="Siribumrungwong">Boonying Siribumrungwong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pathum Thani</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Reide, Kjetil" sort="S Reide, Kjetil" uniqKey="S Reide K" first="Kjetil" last="S Reide">Kjetil S Reide</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Stavanger</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soto, Rodolfo" sort="Soto, Rodolfo" uniqKey="Soto R" first="Rodolfo" last="Soto">Rodolfo Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Hamilton P" sort="De Souza, Hamilton P" uniqKey="De Souza H" first="Hamilton P" last="De Souza">Hamilton P. De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talving, Peep" sort="Talving, Peep" uniqKey="Talving P" first="Peep" last="Talving">Peep Talving</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tallinn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trung, Ngo Tat" sort="Trung, Ngo Tat" uniqKey="Trung N" first="Ngo Tat" last="Trung">Ngo Tat Trung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hanoi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessier, Jeffrey M" sort="Tessier, Jeffrey M" uniqKey="Tessier J" first="Jeffrey M" last="Tessier">Jeffrey M. Tessier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Texas USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumbarello, Mario" sort="Tumbarello, Mario" uniqKey="Tumbarello M" first="Mario" last="Tumbarello">Mario Tumbarello</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulrych, Jan" sort="Ulrych, Jan" uniqKey="Ulrych J" first="Jan" last="Ulrych">Jan Ulrych</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uranues, Selman" sort="Uranues, Selman" uniqKey="Uranues S" first="Selman" last="Uranues">Selman Uranues</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vereczkei, Andras" sort="Vereczkei, Andras" uniqKey="Vereczkei A" first="Andras" last="Vereczkei">Andras Vereczkei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pécs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagenlehner, Florian" sort="Wagenlehner, Florian" uniqKey="Wagenlehner F" first="Florian" last="Wagenlehner">Florian Wagenlehner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Yonghong" sort="Xiao, Yonghong" uniqKey="Xiao Y" first="Yonghong" last="Xiao">Yonghong Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zhejiang</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Hangzhou</settlement><region type="province">Zhejiang</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Kuo Ching" sort="Yuan, Kuo Ching" uniqKey="Yuan K" first="Kuo-Ching" last="Yuan">Kuo-Ching Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taoyuan City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wechsler Fordos, Agnes" sort="Wechsler Fordos, Agnes" uniqKey="Wechsler Fordos A" first="Agnes" last="Wechsler-Fördös">Agnes Wechsler-Fördös</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean-Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean-Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zakrison, Tanya L" sort="Zakrison, Tanya L" uniqKey="Zakrison T" first="Tanya L" last="Zakrison">Tanya L. Zakrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuckerbraun, Brian" sort="Zuckerbraun, Brian" uniqKey="Zuckerbraun B" first="Brian" last="Zuckerbraun">Brian Zuckerbraun</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuidema, Wietse P" sort="Zuidema, Wietse P" uniqKey="Zuidema W" first="Wietse P" last="Zuidema">Wietse P. Zuidema</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28775763</idno><idno type="pmid">28775763</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13017-017-0145-2</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000713</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000713</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000710</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000710</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000710</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000710</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.</title><author><name sortKey="Sartelli, Massimo" sort="Sartelli, Massimo" uniqKey="Sartelli M" first="Massimo" last="Sartelli">Massimo Sartelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labricciosa, Francesco M" sort="Labricciosa, Francesco M" uniqKey="Labricciosa F" first="Francesco M" last="Labricciosa">Francesco M. Labricciosa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbadoro, Pamela" sort="Barbadoro, Pamela" uniqKey="Barbadoro P" first="Pamela" last="Barbadoro">Pamela Barbadoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Leonardo" sort="Pagani, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Leonardo" last="Pagani">Leonardo Pagani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bolzano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brink, Adrian J" sort="Brink, Adrian J" uniqKey="Brink A" first="Adrian J" last="Brink">Adrian J. Brink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlet, Jean" sort="Carlet, Jean" uniqKey="Carlet J" first="Jean" last="Carlet">Jean Carlet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>World Alliance against Antibiotics Resistance, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Alliance against Antibiotics Resistance, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Ashish" sort="Khanna, Ashish" uniqKey="Khanna A" first="Ashish" last="Khanna">Ashish Khanna</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Critical Care, Anaesthesiology Institute and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center for Critical Care, Anaesthesiology Institute and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chichom Mefire, Alain" sort="Chichom Mefire, Alain" uniqKey="Chichom Mefire A" first="Alain" last="Chichom-Mefire">Alain Chichom-Mefire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Limbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rimini</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="May, Addison K" sort="May, Addison K" uniqKey="May A" first="Addison K" last="May">Addison K. May</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Tennessee USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Richard R" sort="Watkins, Richard R" uniqKey="Watkins R" first="Richard R" last="Watkins">Richard R. Watkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scudeller, Luigia" sort="Scudeller, Luigia" uniqKey="Scudeller L" first="Luigia" last="Scudeller">Luigia Scudeller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abbo, Lilian M" sort="Abbo, Lilian M" uniqKey="Abbo L" first="Lilian M" last="Abbo">Lilian M. Abbo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" sort="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" uniqKey="Abu Zidan F" first="Fikri M" last="Abu-Zidan">Fikri M. Abu-Zidan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al-Ain</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" sort="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" uniqKey="Adesunkanmi A" first="Abdulrashid K" last="Adesunkanmi">Abdulrashid K. Adesunkanmi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ile-Ife</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Dahir, Sara" sort="Al Dahir, Sara" uniqKey="Al Dahir S" first="Sara" last="Al-Dahir">Sara Al-Dahir</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hasan, Majdi N" sort="Al Hasan, Majdi N" uniqKey="Al Hasan M" first="Majdi N" last="Al-Hasan">Majdi N. Al-Hasan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Sud</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alis, Halil" sort="Alis, Halil" uniqKey="Alis H" first="Halil" last="Alis">Halil Alis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Instanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, Carlos" sort="Alves, Carlos" uniqKey="Alves C" first="Carlos" last="Alves">Carlos Alves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo Da Silva, Andre R" sort="Araujo Da Silva, Andre R" uniqKey="Araujo Da Silva A" first="André R" last="Araujo Da Silva">André R. Araujo Da Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Goran" sort="Augustin, Goran" uniqKey="Augustin G" first="Goran" last="Augustin">Goran Augustin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bala, Miklosh" sort="Bala, Miklosh" uniqKey="Bala M" first="Miklosh" last="Bala">Miklosh Bala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jerusalem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barie, Philip S" sort="Barie, Philip S" uniqKey="Barie P" first="Philip S" last="Barie">Philip S. Barie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beltran, Marcelo A" sort="Beltran, Marcelo A" uniqKey="Beltran M" first="Marcelo A" last="Beltrán">Marcelo A. Beltrán</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Serena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhangu, Aneel" sort="Bhangu, Aneel" uniqKey="Bhangu A" first="Aneel" last="Bhangu">Aneel Bhangu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchra, Belefquih" sort="Bouchra, Belefquih" uniqKey="Bouchra B" first="Belefquih" last="Bouchra">Belefquih Bouchra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Casablanca</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M" last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A" last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago de Compostela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrian" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrian Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catani, Marco" sort="Catani, Marco" uniqKey="Catani M" first="Marco" last="Catani">Marco Catani</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandy, Sujith J" sort="Chandy, Sujith J" uniqKey="Chandy S" first="Sujith J" last="Chandy">Sujith J. Chandy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kerala India</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jusoh, Asri Che" sort="Jusoh, Asri Che" uniqKey="Jusoh A" first="Asri Che" last="Jusoh">Asri Che Jusoh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R" last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiara, Osvaldo" sort="Chiara, Osvaldo" uniqKey="Chiara O" first="Osvaldo" last="Chiara">Osvaldo Chiara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Niguarda Hospital, Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colak, Elif" sort="Colak, Elif" uniqKey="Colak E" first="Elif" last="Colak">Elif Colak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Samsun</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornely, Oliver A" sort="Cornely, Oliver A" uniqKey="Cornely O" first="Oliver A" last="Cornely">Oliver A. Cornely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Simone, Belinda" sort="De Simone, Belinda" uniqKey="De Simone B" first="Belinda" last="De Simone">Belinda De Simone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cannes</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cannes</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Waele, Jan J" sort="De Waele, Jan J" uniqKey="De Waele J" first="Jan J" last="De Waele">Jan J. De Waele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ghent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhingra, Sameer" sort="Dhingra, Sameer" uniqKey="Dhingra S" first="Sameer" last="Dhingra">Sameer Dhingra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Trinité-et-Tobago</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Augustine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marzo, Francesco" sort="Di Marzo, Francesco" uniqKey="Di Marzo F" first="Francesco" last="Di Marzo">Francesco Di Marzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lido di Camaiore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dogjani, Agron" sort="Dogjani, Agron" uniqKey="Dogjani A" first="Agron" last="Dogjani">Agron Dogjani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tirana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorj, Gereltuya" sort="Dorj, Gereltuya" uniqKey="Dorj G" first="Gereltuya" last="Dorj">Gereltuya Dorj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ulaanbaatar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dortet, Laurent" sort="Dortet, Laurent" uniqKey="Dortet L" first="Laurent" last="Dortet">Laurent Dortet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>La Kremlin-Bicêtre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duane, Therese M" sort="Duane, Therese M" uniqKey="Duane T" first="Therese M" last="Duane">Therese M. Duane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Texas USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elmangory, Mutasim M" sort="Elmangory, Mutasim M" uniqKey="Elmangory M" first="Mutasim M" last="Elmangory">Mutasim M. Elmangory</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Soudan</country><wicri:regionArea>Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Khartoum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira A" sort="Enani, Mushira A" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira A" last="Enani">Mushira A. Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteban Foianini, J" sort="Esteban Foianini, J" uniqKey="Esteban Foianini J" first="J" last="Esteban Foianini">J. Esteban Foianini</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Clinica Foianini, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gachabayov, Mahir" sort="Gachabayov, Mahir" uniqKey="Gachabayov M" first="Mahir" last="Gachabayov">Mahir Gachabayov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vladimir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Chinmay" sort="Gandhi, Chinmay" uniqKey="Gandhi C" first="Chinmay" last="Gandhi">Chinmay Gandhi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra India.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Maharashtra India</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih Mommtaz" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih Mommtaz" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih Mommtaz" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Mommtaz Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giamarellou, Helen" sort="Giamarellou, Helen" uniqKey="Giamarellou H" first="Helen" last="Giamarellou">Helen Giamarellou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gkiokas, Georgios" sort="Gkiokas, Georgios" uniqKey="Gkiokas G" first="Georgios" last="Gkiokas">Georgios Gkiokas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomi, Harumi" sort="Gomi, Harumi" uniqKey="Gomi H" first="Harumi" last="Gomi">Harumi Gomi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ibaraki Japan</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goranovic, Tatjana" sort="Goranovic, Tatjana" uniqKey="Goranovic T" first="Tatjana" last="Goranovic">Tatjana Goranovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Ewen A" sort="Griffiths, Ewen A" uniqKey="Griffiths E" first="Ewen A" last="Griffiths">Ewen A. Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerra Gronerth, Rosio I" sort="Guerra Gronerth, Rosio I" uniqKey="Guerra Gronerth R" first="Rosio I" last="Guerra Gronerth">Rosio I. Guerra Gronerth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haidamus Monteiro, Julio C" sort="Haidamus Monteiro, Julio C" uniqKey="Haidamus Monteiro J" first="Julio C" last="Haidamus Monteiro">Julio C. Haidamus Monteiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campo Grande</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardcastle, Timothy C" sort="Hardcastle, Timothy C" uniqKey="Hardcastle T" first="Timothy C" last="Hardcastle">Timothy C. Hardcastle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Durban</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hecker, Andreas" sort="Hecker, Andreas" uniqKey="Hecker A" first="Andreas" last="Hecker">Andreas Hecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodonou, Adrien M" sort="Hodonou, Adrien M" uniqKey="Hodonou A" first="Adrien M" last="Hodonou">Adrien M. Hodonou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BP 123 Parakou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannidis, Orestis" sort="Ioannidis, Orestis" uniqKey="Ioannidis O" first="Orestis" last="Ioannidis">Orestis Ioannidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iskandar, Katia A" sort="Iskandar, Katia A" uniqKey="Iskandar K" first="Katia A" last="Iskandar">Katia A. Iskandar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kafil, Hossein S" sort="Kafil, Hossein S" uniqKey="Kafil H" first="Hossein S" last="Kafil">Hossein S. Kafil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tabriz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanj, Souha S" sort="Kanj, Souha S" uniqKey="Kanj S" first="Souha S" last="Kanj">Souha S. Kanj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Lewis J" sort="Kaplan, Lewis J" uniqKey="Kaplan L" first="Lewis J" last="Kaplan">Lewis J. Kaplan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, Garima" sort="Kapoor, Garima" uniqKey="Kapoor G" first="Garima" last="Kapoor">Garima Kapoor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhopal</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar R" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar R" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar R" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar R. Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kenig, Jakub" sort="Kenig, Jakub" uniqKey="Kenig J" first="Jakub" last="Kenig">Jakub Kenig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kerschaever, Ivan" sort="Kerschaever, Ivan" uniqKey="Kerschaever I" first="Ivan" last="Kerschaever">Ivan Kerschaever</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tienen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khamis, Faryal" sort="Khamis, Faryal" uniqKey="Khamis F" first="Faryal" last="Khamis">Faryal Khamis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Muscat</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khokha, Vladimir" sort="Khokha, Vladimir" uniqKey="Khokha V" first="Vladimir" last="Khokha">Vladimir Khokha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mozyr</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiguba, Ronald" sort="Kiguba, Ronald" uniqKey="Kiguba R" first="Ronald" last="Kiguba">Ronald Kiguba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Hong B" sort="Kim, Hong B" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hong B" last="Kim">Hong B. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seongnam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen-Chien" last="Ko">Wen-Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koike, Kaoru" sort="Koike, Kaoru" uniqKey="Koike K" first="Kaoru" last="Koike">Kaoru Koike</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kyoto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozlovska, Iryna" sort="Kozlovska, Iryna" uniqKey="Kozlovska I" first="Iryna" last="Kozlovska">Iryna Kozlovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chernivtci City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Anand" sort="Kumar, Anand" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Anand" last="Kumar">Anand Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagunes, Leonel" sort="Lagunes, Leonel" uniqKey="Lagunes L" first="Leonel" last="Lagunes">Leonel Lagunes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Luis Potosi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latifi, Rifat" sort="Latifi, Rifat" uniqKey="Latifi R" first="Rifat" last="Latifi">Rifat Latifi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae G" sort="Lee, Jae G" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae G" last="Lee">Jae G. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Young R" sort="Lee, Young R" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young R" last="Lee">Young R. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepp Niemi, Ari" sort="Lepp Niemi, Ari" uniqKey="Lepp Niemi A" first="Ari" last="Lepp Niemi">Ari Lepp Niemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yousheng" sort="Li, Yousheng" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yousheng" last="Li">Yousheng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Stephen Y" sort="Liang, Stephen Y" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Stephen Y" last="Liang">Stephen Y. Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lowman, Warren" sort="Lowman, Warren" uniqKey="Lowman W" first="Warren" last="Lowman">Warren Lowman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machain, Gustavo M" sort="Machain, Gustavo M" uniqKey="Machain G" first="Gustavo M" last="Machain">Gustavo M. Machain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Asuncion</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maegele, Marc" sort="Maegele, Marc" uniqKey="Maegele M" first="Marc" last="Maegele">Marc Maegele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Major, Piotr" sort="Major, Piotr" uniqKey="Major P" first="Piotr" last="Major">Piotr Major</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malama, Sydney" sort="Malama, Sydney" uniqKey="Malama S" first="Sydney" last="Malama">Sydney Malama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Zambie</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lusaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manzano Nunez, Ramiro" sort="Manzano Nunez, Ramiro" uniqKey="Manzano Nunez R" first="Ramiro" last="Manzano-Nunez">Ramiro Manzano-Nunez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marinis, Athanasios" sort="Marinis, Athanasios" uniqKey="Marinis A" first="Athanasios" last="Marinis">Athanasios Marinis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Piraeus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Casas, Isidro" sort="Martinez Casas, Isidro" uniqKey="Martinez Casas I" first="Isidro" last="Martinez Casas">Isidro Martinez Casas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jaén</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maseda, Emilio" sort="Maseda, Emilio" uniqKey="Maseda E" first="Emilio" last="Maseda">Emilio Maseda</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarlane, Michael E" sort="Mcfarlane, Michael E" uniqKey="Mcfarlane M" first="Michael E" last="Mcfarlane">Michael E. Mcfarlane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jamaïque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kingston</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad" sort="Memish, Ziad" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad" last="Memish">Ziad Memish</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mertz, Dominik" sort="Mertz, Dominik" uniqKey="Mertz D" first="Dominik" last="Mertz">Dominik Mertz</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mesina, Cristian" sort="Mesina, Cristian" uniqKey="Mesina C" first="Cristian" last="Mesina">Cristian Mesina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Craiova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, Shyam K" sort="Mishra, Shyam K" uniqKey="Mishra S" first="Shyam K" last="Mishra">Shyam K. Mishra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E" last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munyika, Akutu" sort="Munyika, Akutu" uniqKey="Munyika A" first="Akutu" last="Munyika">Akutu Munyika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Namibie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ondangwa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" sort="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" uniqKey="Mylonakis E" first="Eleftherios" last="Mylonakis">Eleftherios Mylonakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Rhode Island</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Napolitano, Lena" sort="Napolitano, Lena" uniqKey="Napolitano L" first="Lena" last="Napolitano">Lena Napolitano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nestorovic, Milica D" sort="Nestorovic, Milica D" uniqKey="Nestorovic M" first="Milica D" last="Nestorovic">Milica D. Nestorovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nis</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolau, David P" sort="Nicolau, David P" uniqKey="Nicolau D" first="David P" last="Nicolau">David P. Nicolau</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omari, Abdelkarim H" sort="Omari, Abdelkarim H" uniqKey="Omari A" first="Abdelkarim H" last="Omari">Abdelkarim H. Omari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Irbid</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordonez, Carlos A" sort="Ordonez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordonez C" first="Carlos A" last="Ordonez">Carlos A. Ordonez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paiva, Jose Artur" sort="Paiva, Jose Artur" uniqKey="Paiva J" first="José-Artur" last="Paiva">José-Artur Paiva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pant, Narayan D" sort="Pant, Narayan D" uniqKey="Pant N" first="Narayan D" last="Pant">Narayan D. Pant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parreira, Jose G" sort="Parreira, Jose G" uniqKey="Parreira J" first="Jose G" last="Parreira">Jose G. Parreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Dziwiatr, Michal" sort="P Dziwiatr, Michal" uniqKey="P Dziwiatr M" first="Michal" last="P Dziwiatr">Michal P Dziwiatr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Bruno M" sort="Pereira, Bruno M" uniqKey="Pereira B" first="Bruno M" last="Pereira">Bruno M. Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ponce De Leon, Alfredo" sort="Ponce De Leon, Alfredo" uniqKey="Ponce De Leon A" first="Alfredo" last="Ponce-De-Leon">Alfredo Ponce-De-Leon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poulakou, Garyphallia" sort="Poulakou, Garyphallia" uniqKey="Poulakou G" first="Garyphallia" last="Poulakou">Garyphallia Poulakou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Preller, Jacobus" sort="Preller, Jacobus" uniqKey="Preller J" first="Jacobus" last="Preller">Jacobus Preller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pulcini, Celine" sort="Pulcini, Celine" uniqKey="Pulcini C" first="Céline" last="Pulcini">Céline Pulcini</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region><region type="old region">Lorraine (région)</region><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pupelis, Guntars" sort="Pupelis, Guntars" uniqKey="Pupelis G" first="Guntars" last="Pupelis">Guntars Pupelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quiodettis, Martha" sort="Quiodettis, Martha" uniqKey="Quiodettis M" first="Martha" last="Quiodettis">Martha Quiodettis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Panama</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Panama</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawson, Timothy M" sort="Rawson, Timothy M" uniqKey="Rawson T" first="Timothy M" last="Rawson">Timothy M. Rawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reis, Tarcisio" sort="Reis, Tarcisio" uniqKey="Reis T" first="Tarcisio" last="Reis">Tarcisio Reis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Recife</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizoli, Sandro" sort="Rizoli, Sandro" uniqKey="Rizoli S" first="Sandro" last="Rizoli">Sandro Rizoli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jason" sort="Roberts, Jason" uniqKey="Roberts J" first="Jason" last="Roberts">Jason Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Queensland Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Nuno Rocha" sort="Pereira, Nuno Rocha" uniqKey="Pereira N" first="Nuno Rocha" last="Pereira">Nuno Rocha Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Ba O, Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Ba O, Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Ba O J" first="Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Ba O">Jesús Rodríguez-Ba O</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Seville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris" sort="Sakakushev, Boris" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris" last="Sakakushev">Boris Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, James" sort="Sanders, James" uniqKey="Sanders J" first="James" last="Sanders">James Sanders</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>JPS Health Network, Texas, TX USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>JPS Health Network, Texas</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santos, Natalia" sort="Santos, Natalia" uniqKey="Santos N" first="Natalia" last="Santos">Natalia Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tondela</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Norio" sort="Sato, Norio" uniqKey="Sato N" first="Norio" last="Sato">Norio Sato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ehime</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Robert G" sort="Sawyer, Robert G" uniqKey="Sawyer R" first="Robert G" last="Sawyer">Robert G. Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scarpelini, Sandro" sort="Scarpelini, Sandro" uniqKey="Scarpelini S" first="Sandro" last="Scarpelini">Sandro Scarpelini</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scoccia, Loredana" sort="Scoccia, Loredana" uniqKey="Scoccia L" first="Loredana" last="Scoccia">Loredana Scoccia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafiq, Nusrat" sort="Shafiq, Nusrat" uniqKey="Shafiq N" first="Nusrat" last="Shafiq">Nusrat Shafiq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shelat, Vishalkumar" sort="Shelat, Vishalkumar" uniqKey="Shelat V" first="Vishalkumar" last="Shelat">Vishalkumar Shelat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tan Tock Seng</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sifri, Costi D" sort="Sifri, Costi D" uniqKey="Sifri C" first="Costi D" last="Sifri">Costi D. Sifri</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siribumrungwong, Boonying" sort="Siribumrungwong, Boonying" uniqKey="Siribumrungwong B" first="Boonying" last="Siribumrungwong">Boonying Siribumrungwong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pathum Thani</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S Reide, Kjetil" sort="S Reide, Kjetil" uniqKey="S Reide K" first="Kjetil" last="S Reide">Kjetil S Reide</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Stavanger</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soto, Rodolfo" sort="Soto, Rodolfo" uniqKey="Soto R" first="Rodolfo" last="Soto">Rodolfo Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Hamilton P" sort="De Souza, Hamilton P" uniqKey="De Souza H" first="Hamilton P" last="De Souza">Hamilton P. De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talving, Peep" sort="Talving, Peep" uniqKey="Talving P" first="Peep" last="Talving">Peep Talving</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tallinn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trung, Ngo Tat" sort="Trung, Ngo Tat" uniqKey="Trung N" first="Ngo Tat" last="Trung">Ngo Tat Trung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hanoi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessier, Jeffrey M" sort="Tessier, Jeffrey M" uniqKey="Tessier J" first="Jeffrey M" last="Tessier">Jeffrey M. Tessier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Texas USA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tumbarello, Mario" sort="Tumbarello, Mario" uniqKey="Tumbarello M" first="Mario" last="Tumbarello">Mario Tumbarello</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ulrych, Jan" sort="Ulrych, Jan" uniqKey="Ulrych J" first="Jan" last="Ulrych">Jan Ulrych</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uranues, Selman" sort="Uranues, Selman" uniqKey="Uranues S" first="Selman" last="Uranues">Selman Uranues</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vereczkei, Andras" sort="Vereczkei, Andras" uniqKey="Vereczkei A" first="Andras" last="Vereczkei">Andras Vereczkei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pécs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagenlehner, Florian" sort="Wagenlehner, Florian" uniqKey="Wagenlehner F" first="Florian" last="Wagenlehner">Florian Wagenlehner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, Yonghong" sort="Xiao, Yonghong" uniqKey="Xiao Y" first="Yonghong" last="Xiao">Yonghong Xiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zhejiang</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Hangzhou</settlement><region type="province">Zhejiang</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Kuo Ching" sort="Yuan, Kuo Ching" uniqKey="Yuan K" first="Kuo-Ching" last="Yuan">Kuo-Ching Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taoyuan City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wechsler Fordos, Agnes" sort="Wechsler Fordos, Agnes" uniqKey="Wechsler Fordos A" first="Agnes" last="Wechsler-Fördös">Agnes Wechsler-Fördös</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean-Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean-Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zakrison, Tanya L" sort="Zakrison, Tanya L" uniqKey="Zakrison T" first="Tanya L" last="Zakrison">Tanya L. Zakrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuckerbraun, Brian" sort="Zuckerbraun, Brian" uniqKey="Zuckerbraun B" first="Brian" last="Zuckerbraun">Brian Zuckerbraun</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuidema, Wietse P" sort="Zuidema, Wietse P" uniqKey="Zuidema W" first="Wietse P" last="Zuidema">Wietse P. Zuidema</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">World journal of emergency surgery : WJES</title><idno type="eISSN">1749-7922</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28775763</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1749-7922</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>World journal of emergency surgery : WJES</Title><ISOAbbreviation>World J Emerg Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>34</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s13017-017-0145-2</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p < 0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sartelli</LastName><ForeName>Massimo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Labricciosa</LastName><ForeName>Francesco M</ForeName><Initials>FM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1017 3210</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7010.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barbadoro</LastName><ForeName>Pamela</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1017 3210</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7010.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pagani</LastName><ForeName>Leonardo</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ansaloni</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1757 8431</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.460094.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brink</LastName><ForeName>Adrian J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0634 9246</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415666.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape town, South Africa.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1151</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7836.a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carlet</LastName><ForeName>Jean</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>World Alliance against Antibiotics Resistance, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khanna</LastName><ForeName>Ashish</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Critical Care, Anaesthesiology Institute and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0675 4725</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.239578.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chichom-Mefire</LastName><ForeName>Alain</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coccolini</LastName><ForeName>Federico</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414614.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Saverio</LastName><ForeName>Salomone</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1759 7093</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.416290.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>May</LastName><ForeName>Addison K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9916</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412807.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viale</LastName><ForeName>Pierluigi</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watkins</LastName><ForeName>Richard R</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0675 4725</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.239578.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0459 7529</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.261103.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scudeller</LastName><ForeName>Luigia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1760 3027</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.419425.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abbo</LastName><ForeName>Lilian M</ForeName><Initials>LM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8606</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.26790.3a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abu-Zidan</LastName><ForeName>Fikri M</ForeName><Initials>FM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2193 6666</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.43519.3a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adesunkanmi</LastName><ForeName>Abdulrashid K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2183 9444</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.10824.3f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Dahir</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9679 3586</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.268355.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Hasan</LastName><ForeName>Majdi N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9075 106X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.254567.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alis</LastName><ForeName>Halil</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0419 1043</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414177.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alves</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9375 4688</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414556.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Araujo da Silva</LastName><ForeName>André R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Control Committee, Prontobaby Hospital da Criança, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Augustin</LastName><ForeName>Goran</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0397 9648</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412688.1</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bala</LastName><ForeName>Miklosh</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2221 2926</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.17788.31</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barie</LastName><ForeName>Philip S</ForeName><Initials>PS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">000000041936877X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5386.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beltrán</LastName><ForeName>Marcelo A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bhangu</LastName><ForeName>Aneel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2177 007X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415490.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouchra</LastName><ForeName>Belefquih</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology National Reference Laboratory Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Hospital, Mohammed 6th University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brecher</LastName><ForeName>Stephen M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 4657 1992</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.410370.1</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0367 5222</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.475010.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caínzos</LastName><ForeName>Miguel A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 8816 6945</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411048.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camacho-Ortiz</LastName><ForeName>Adrian</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1760 058X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.464574.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Catani</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Emergency, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.417007.5</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chandy</LastName><ForeName>Sujith J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1781 1790</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.448741.a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jusoh</LastName><ForeName>Asri Che</ForeName><Initials>AC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cherry-Bukowiec</LastName><ForeName>Jill R</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000000086837370</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.214458.e</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chiara</LastName><ForeName>Osvaldo</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.416200.1</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colak</LastName><ForeName>Elif</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cornely</LastName><ForeName>Oliver A</ForeName><Initials>OA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 8580 3777</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.6190.e</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cui</LastName><ForeName>Yunfeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9792 1228</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.265021.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demetrashvili</LastName><ForeName>Zaza</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Simone</LastName><ForeName>Belinda</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Digestive Surgery, Cannes Hospital, Cannes, France.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1795 3510</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.418062.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Waele</LastName><ForeName>Jan J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0626 3303</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.410566.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhingra</LastName><ForeName>Sameer</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.430529.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Marzo</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Versilia Hospita, Lido di Camaiore, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dogjani</LastName><ForeName>Agron</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dorj</LastName><ForeName>Gereltuya</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.444534.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dortet</LastName><ForeName>Laurent</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University, La Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2171 2558</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5842.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duane</LastName><ForeName>Therese M</ForeName><Initials>TM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elmangory</LastName><ForeName>Mutasim M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414827.c</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Enani</LastName><ForeName>Mushira A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0593 1832</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415277.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrada</LastName><ForeName>Paula</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0458 8737</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.224260.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esteban Foianini</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Clinica Foianini, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gachabayov</LastName><ForeName>Mahir</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medicine, Vladimir, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gandhi</LastName><ForeName>Chinmay</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghnnam</LastName><ForeName>Wagih Mommtaz</ForeName><Initials>WM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000000103426662</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.10251.37</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giamarellou</LastName><ForeName>Helen</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sixth Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414012.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gkiokas</LastName><ForeName>Georgios</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2155 0800</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5216.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gomi</LastName><ForeName>Harumi</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2369 4728</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.20515.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goranovic</LastName><ForeName>Tatjana</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Department for Tumours, Sestre Milosrrdnice UHC, Zagreb, Croatia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Griffiths</LastName><ForeName>Ewen A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2177 007X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415490.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guerra Gronerth</LastName><ForeName>Rosio I</ForeName><Initials>RI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Peruvian Navy Medical Center, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haidamus Monteiro</LastName><ForeName>Julio C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Santa Casa Hospital, Campo Grande, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2198 9354</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415169.e</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hardcastle</LastName><ForeName>Timothy C</ForeName><Initials>TC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma and Trauma ICU, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0723 4123</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.16463.36</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hecker</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 8584 9230</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411067.5</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hodonou</LastName><ForeName>Adrien M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.440525.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ioannidis</LastName><ForeName>Orestis</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fourth Surgical Department, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000000109457005</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.4793.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isik</LastName><ForeName>Arda</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1498 7262</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412176.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iskandar</LastName><ForeName>Katia A</ForeName><Initials>KA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese, International University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kafil</LastName><ForeName>Hossein S</ForeName><Initials>HS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2174 8913</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412888.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kanj</LastName><ForeName>Souha S</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9801</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.22903.3a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaplan</LastName><ForeName>Lewis J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8972</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.25879.31</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kapoor</LastName><ForeName>Garima</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415285.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karamarkovic</LastName><ForeName>Aleksandar R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 9385</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7149.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kenig</LastName><ForeName>Jakub</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Third Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 9631</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5522.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kerschaever</LastName><ForeName>Ivan</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Abdominal Surgery, Regional Hospital of Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khamis</LastName><ForeName>Faryal</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1772 5665</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.416132.3</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khokha</LastName><ForeName>Vladimir</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kiguba</LastName><ForeName>Ronald</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0620 0548</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.11194.3c</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Hong B</ForeName><Initials>HB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0647 3378</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412480.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ko</LastName><ForeName>Wen-Chien</ForeName><Initials>WC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0639 0054</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412040.3</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koike</LastName><ForeName>Kaoru</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0372 2033</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.258799.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kozlovska</LastName><ForeName>Iryna</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery n. 2, Higher educational institutions of Ukraine Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtci City, Ukraine.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Anand</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9609</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.21613.37</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagunes</LastName><ForeName>Leonel</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0633 6808</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414410.4</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Latifi</LastName><ForeName>Rifat</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2168 186X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.134563.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Jae G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0470 5454</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.15444.30</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Young R</ForeName><Initials>YR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.449754.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leppäniemi</LastName><ForeName>Ari</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yousheng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2314 964X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.41156.37</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liang</LastName><ForeName>Stephen Y</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2355 7002</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.4367.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lowman</LastName><ForeName>Warren</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1135</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.11951.3d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Machain</LastName><ForeName>Gustavo M</ForeName><Initials>GM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2289 5077</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412213.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maegele</LastName><ForeName>Marc</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9024 6397</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412581.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Major</LastName><ForeName>Piotr</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Second Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 9631</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5522.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malama</LastName><ForeName>Sydney</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 8914 5257</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.12984.36</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manzano-Nunez</LastName><ForeName>Ramiro</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.477264.4</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marinis</LastName><ForeName>Athanasios</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>First Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.417374.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martinez Casas</LastName><ForeName>Isidro</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service of General Surgery, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marwah</LastName><ForeName>Sanjay</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1771 1642</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412572.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maseda</LastName><ForeName>Emilio</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McFarlane</LastName><ForeName>Michael E</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0500 5353</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412963.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Memish</LastName><ForeName>Ziad</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415696.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mertz</LastName><ForeName>Dominik</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8227</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.25073.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mesina</LastName><ForeName>Cristian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mishra</LastName><ForeName>Shyam K</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moore</LastName><ForeName>Ernest E</ForeName><Initials>EE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munyika</LastName><ForeName>Akutu</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Onandjokwe Hospital, Ondangwa, Namibia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mylonakis</LastName><ForeName>Eleftherios</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9094</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.40263.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Napolitano</LastName><ForeName>Lena</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000000086837370</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.214458.e</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Negoi</LastName><ForeName>Ionut</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nestorovic</LastName><ForeName>Milica D</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for General Surgery, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0517 2741</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.418653.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicolau</LastName><ForeName>David P</ForeName><Initials>DP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omari</LastName><ForeName>Abdelkarim H</ForeName><Initials>AH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0411 3985</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.460946.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ordonez</LastName><ForeName>Carlos A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2295 7397</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.8271.c</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paiva</LastName><ForeName>José-Artur</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1503 7226</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.5808.5</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pant</LastName><ForeName>Narayan D</ForeName><Initials>ND</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.461024.5</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parreira</LastName><ForeName>Jose G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0576 9812</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.419014.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pędziwiatr</LastName><ForeName>Michal</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1216 0093</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412700.0</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pereira</LastName><ForeName>Bruno M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0723 2494</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411087.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ponce-de-Leon</LastName><ForeName>Alfredo</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0698 4037</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.416850.e</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poulakou</LastName><ForeName>Garyphallia</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, National and Kapodstrian University-Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0622 4662</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411449.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Preller</LastName><ForeName>Jacobus</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>John Farman Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pulcini</LastName><ForeName>Céline</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University Hospital of Nancy, and EA 4360 APEMAC, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pupelis</LastName><ForeName>Guntars</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quiodettis</LastName><ForeName>Martha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Trauma, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama, Panama.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0465 2778</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.461067.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rawson</LastName><ForeName>Timothy M</ForeName><Initials>TM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7445.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reis</LastName><ForeName>Tarcisio</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Post-operative Department, Otavio de Freitas Hospital and Hosvaldo Cruz Hospital, Recife, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rems</LastName><ForeName>Miran</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rizoli</LastName><ForeName>Sandro</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2157 2938</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.17063.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roberts</LastName><ForeName>Jason</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9320 7537</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.1003.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pereira</LastName><ForeName>Nuno Rocha</ForeName><Initials>NR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Prevention and Infection Control, Center of Hospital Epidemiology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9375 4688</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414556.7</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodríguez-Baño</LastName><ForeName>Jesús</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío-IBiS and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2168 1229</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.9224.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sakakushev</LastName><ForeName>Boris</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0726 0380</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.35371.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanders</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>JPS Health Network, Texas, TX USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.414766.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Santos</LastName><ForeName>Natalia</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital Center Tondela Viseu, Tondela, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sato</LastName><ForeName>Norio</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Aeromedical Services for Emergency and Trauma Care, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 1011 3808</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.255464.4</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sawyer</LastName><ForeName>Robert G</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9932</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412587.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scarpelini</LastName><ForeName>Sandro</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0722</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.11899.38</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scoccia</LastName><ForeName>Loredana</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shafiq</LastName><ForeName>Nusrat</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1767 2903</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.415131.3</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shelat</LastName><ForeName>Vishalkumar</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.240988.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sifri</LastName><ForeName>Costi D</ForeName><Initials>CD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Office of Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Prevention and Control, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9932</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412587.d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Siribumrungwong</LastName><ForeName>Boonying</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 1127</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412434.4</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Søreide</LastName><ForeName>Kjetil</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0627 2891</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412835.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7443</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.7914.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soto</LastName><ForeName>Rodolfo</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Souza</LastName><ForeName>Hamilton P</ForeName><Initials>HP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 9094</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.412519.a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Talving</LastName><ForeName>Peep</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trung</LastName><ForeName>Ngo Tat</ForeName><Initials>NT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tessier</LastName><ForeName>Jeffrey M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tumbarello</LastName><ForeName>Mario</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0941 3192</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.8142.f</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ulrych</LastName><ForeName>Jan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>First Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 9100 9940</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411798.2</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uranues</LastName><ForeName>Selman</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0000 8988 2476</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.11598.34</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Goor</LastName><ForeName>Harry</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0444 9382</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.10417.33</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vereczkei</LastName><ForeName>Andras</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0663 9479</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.9679.1</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wagenlehner</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2165 8627</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.8664.c</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xiao</LastName><ForeName>Yonghong</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1759 700X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.13402.34</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yuan</LastName><ForeName>Kuo-Ching</ForeName><Initials>KC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1756 1461</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.454210.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wechsler-Fördös</LastName><ForeName>Agnes</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Antibiotics and Infection Control, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0522 8258</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.413303.6</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zahar</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Ralph</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zakrison</LastName><ForeName>Tanya L</ForeName><Initials>TL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8606</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.26790.3a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zuckerbraun</LastName><ForeName>Brian</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 9000</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.21925.3d</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zuidema</LastName><ForeName>Wietse P</ForeName><Initials>WP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 0435 165X</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.16872.3a</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Catena</LastName><ForeName>Fausto</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>World J Emerg Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101266603</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1749-7922</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016 Dec;17 (6):625-631</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27828764</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2016 May 15;62(10 ):e51-77</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27080992</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Apr 1;72 (4):1227-1234</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27999061</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Crit Care. 2014 Aug 13;18(5):480</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25405992</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Jul 15;11:33</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27429642</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Hosp Infect. 2015 Apr;89(4):264-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25744279</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Virulence. 2013 Feb 15;4(2):192-202</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23361336</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 15;44(2):159-77</RefSource><PMID 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Version="1">28082302</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>World J Emerg Surg. 2014 May 14;9:37</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24883079</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Apr;70(4):1245-55</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25527272</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2017 Jul;56(8):744-751</RefSource><PMID Version="1">27872355</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Am Surg. 2013 Dec;79(12):1269-72</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24351354</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Antibiotics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Antimicrobial stewardship</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Infections</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Surgery</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28775763</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1186/s13017-017-0145-2</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">145</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5540347</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Albanie</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Biélorussie</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>Bénin</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>Canada</li><li>Chili</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Estonie</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Géorgie (pays)</li><li>Hongrie</li><li>Inde</li><li>Iran</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Jamaïque</li><li>Japon</li><li>Jordanie</li><li>Lettonie</li><li>Liban</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Mongolie</li><li>Namibie</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Népal</li><li>Oman</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Panama</li><li>Paraguay</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>Serbie</li><li>Singapour</li><li>Slovénie</li><li>Soudan</li><li>Taïwan</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Trinité-et-Tobago</li><li>Turquie</li><li>Ukraine</li><li>Viêt Nam</li><li>Zambie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Émirats arabes unis</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Arizona</li><li>Attique (région)</li><li>Bohême centrale</li><li>Caroline du Sud</li><li>Colorado</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Connecticut</li><li>Floride</li><li>Gauteng</li><li>Grand Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Gueldre</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Latium</li><li>Lorraine (région)</li><li>Louisiane</li><li>Manitoba</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Midlands de l'Ouest</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>Ohio</li><li>Ontario</li><li>Pays de la Loire</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Rhode Island</li><li>Rio Grande do Sul</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>Texas</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li><li>Virginie</li><li>Zhejiang</li><li>État de New York</li><li>État de Rio de Janeiro</li><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Angers</li><li>Athènes</li><li>Birmingham</li><li>Hamilton (Ontario)</li><li>Hangzhou</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Londres</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Nancy</li><li>Nimègue</li><li>Porto Alegre</li><li>Prague</li><li>Rio de Janeiro</li><li>Rome</li><li>São Paulo</li><li>Séoul</li><li>Tianjin</li><li>Toronto</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li><li>Winnipeg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McMaster</li><li>Université de São Paulo</li><li>Université de Toronto</li><li>Université de Zhejiang</li><li>Université du Manitoba</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Chandy, Sujith J" sort="Chandy, Sujith J" uniqKey="Chandy S" first="Sujith J" last="Chandy">Sujith J. Chandy</name><name sortKey="Duane, Therese M" sort="Duane, Therese M" uniqKey="Duane T" first="Therese M" last="Duane">Therese M. Duane</name><name sortKey="Esteban Foianini, J" sort="Esteban Foianini, J" uniqKey="Esteban Foianini J" first="J" last="Esteban Foianini">J. Esteban Foianini</name><name sortKey="Gandhi, Chinmay" sort="Gandhi, Chinmay" uniqKey="Gandhi C" first="Chinmay" last="Gandhi">Chinmay Gandhi</name><name sortKey="Gomi, Harumi" sort="Gomi, Harumi" uniqKey="Gomi H" first="Harumi" last="Gomi">Harumi Gomi</name><name sortKey="Jusoh, Asri Che" sort="Jusoh, Asri Che" uniqKey="Jusoh A" first="Asri Che" last="Jusoh">Asri Che Jusoh</name><name sortKey="May, Addison K" sort="May, Addison K" uniqKey="May A" first="Addison K" last="May">Addison K. May</name><name sortKey="Roberts, Jason" sort="Roberts, Jason" uniqKey="Roberts J" first="Jason" last="Roberts">Jason Roberts</name><name sortKey="Tessier, Jeffrey M" sort="Tessier, Jeffrey M" uniqKey="Tessier J" first="Jeffrey M" last="Tessier">Jeffrey M. Tessier</name></noCountry><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sartelli, Massimo" sort="Sartelli, Massimo" uniqKey="Sartelli M" first="Massimo" last="Sartelli">Massimo Sartelli</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><name sortKey="Barbadoro, Pamela" sort="Barbadoro, Pamela" uniqKey="Barbadoro P" first="Pamela" last="Barbadoro">Pamela Barbadoro</name><name sortKey="Carlet, Jean" sort="Carlet, Jean" uniqKey="Carlet J" first="Jean" last="Carlet">Jean Carlet</name><name sortKey="Catani, Marco" sort="Catani, Marco" uniqKey="Catani M" first="Marco" last="Catani">Marco Catani</name><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><name sortKey="Chiara, Osvaldo" sort="Chiara, Osvaldo" uniqKey="Chiara O" first="Osvaldo" last="Chiara">Osvaldo Chiara</name><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><name sortKey="Di Marzo, Francesco" sort="Di Marzo, Francesco" uniqKey="Di Marzo F" first="Francesco" last="Di Marzo">Francesco Di Marzo</name><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><name sortKey="Labricciosa, Francesco M" sort="Labricciosa, Francesco M" uniqKey="Labricciosa F" first="Francesco M" last="Labricciosa">Francesco M. Labricciosa</name><name sortKey="Pagani, Leonardo" sort="Pagani, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Leonardo" last="Pagani">Leonardo Pagani</name><name sortKey="Scoccia, Loredana" sort="Scoccia, Loredana" uniqKey="Scoccia L" first="Loredana" last="Scoccia">Loredana Scoccia</name><name sortKey="Scudeller, Luigia" sort="Scudeller, Luigia" uniqKey="Scudeller L" first="Luigia" last="Scudeller">Luigia Scudeller</name><name sortKey="Tumbarello, Mario" sort="Tumbarello, Mario" uniqKey="Tumbarello M" first="Mario" last="Tumbarello">Mario Tumbarello</name><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brink, Adrian J" sort="Brink, Adrian J" uniqKey="Brink A" first="Adrian J" last="Brink">Adrian J. Brink</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hardcastle, Timothy C" sort="Hardcastle, Timothy C" uniqKey="Hardcastle T" first="Timothy C" last="Hardcastle">Timothy C. Hardcastle</name><name sortKey="Lowman, Warren" sort="Lowman, Warren" uniqKey="Lowman W" first="Warren" last="Lowman">Warren Lowman</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Ohio"><name sortKey="Khanna, Ashish" sort="Khanna, Ashish" uniqKey="Khanna A" first="Ashish" last="Khanna">Ashish Khanna</name></region><name sortKey="Abbo, Lilian M" sort="Abbo, Lilian M" uniqKey="Abbo L" first="Lilian M" last="Abbo">Lilian M. Abbo</name><name sortKey="Al Dahir, Sara" sort="Al Dahir, Sara" uniqKey="Al Dahir S" first="Sara" last="Al-Dahir">Sara Al-Dahir</name><name sortKey="Al Hasan, Majdi N" sort="Al Hasan, Majdi N" uniqKey="Al Hasan M" first="Majdi N" last="Al-Hasan">Majdi N. Al-Hasan</name><name sortKey="Barie, Philip S" sort="Barie, Philip S" uniqKey="Barie P" first="Philip S" last="Barie">Philip S. Barie</name><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M" last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R" last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><name sortKey="Kaplan, Lewis J" sort="Kaplan, Lewis J" uniqKey="Kaplan L" first="Lewis J" last="Kaplan">Lewis J. Kaplan</name><name sortKey="Latifi, Rifat" sort="Latifi, Rifat" uniqKey="Latifi R" first="Rifat" last="Latifi">Rifat Latifi</name><name sortKey="Lee, Young R" sort="Lee, Young R" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Young R" last="Lee">Young R. Lee</name><name sortKey="Liang, Stephen Y" sort="Liang, Stephen Y" uniqKey="Liang S" first="Stephen Y" last="Liang">Stephen Y. Liang</name><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E" last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><name sortKey="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" sort="Mylonakis, Eleftherios" uniqKey="Mylonakis E" first="Eleftherios" last="Mylonakis">Eleftherios Mylonakis</name><name sortKey="Napolitano, Lena" sort="Napolitano, Lena" uniqKey="Napolitano L" first="Lena" last="Napolitano">Lena Napolitano</name><name sortKey="Nicolau, David P" sort="Nicolau, David P" uniqKey="Nicolau D" first="David P" last="Nicolau">David P. Nicolau</name><name sortKey="Sanders, James" sort="Sanders, James" uniqKey="Sanders J" first="James" last="Sanders">James Sanders</name><name sortKey="Sawyer, Robert G" sort="Sawyer, Robert G" uniqKey="Sawyer R" first="Robert G" last="Sawyer">Robert G. Sawyer</name><name sortKey="Sifri, Costi D" sort="Sifri, Costi D" uniqKey="Sifri C" first="Costi D" last="Sifri">Costi D. Sifri</name><name sortKey="Watkins, Richard R" sort="Watkins, Richard R" uniqKey="Watkins R" first="Richard R" last="Watkins">Richard R. Watkins</name><name sortKey="Zakrison, Tanya L" sort="Zakrison, Tanya L" uniqKey="Zakrison T" first="Tanya L" last="Zakrison">Tanya L. Zakrison</name><name sortKey="Zuckerbraun, Brian" sort="Zuckerbraun, Brian" uniqKey="Zuckerbraun B" first="Brian" last="Zuckerbraun">Brian Zuckerbraun</name></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chichom Mefire, Alain" sort="Chichom Mefire, Alain" uniqKey="Chichom Mefire A" first="Alain" last="Chichom-Mefire">Alain Chichom-Mefire</name></noRegion></country><country name="Émirats arabes unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" sort="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" uniqKey="Abu Zidan F" first="Fikri M" last="Abu-Zidan">Fikri M. Abu-Zidan</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" sort="Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K" uniqKey="Adesunkanmi A" first="Abdulrashid K" last="Adesunkanmi">Abdulrashid K. 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